In spite of the considerable development of international space law, national policy and law is currently the strongest and most effective source for the leading governments’ ...
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In spite of the considerable development of international space law, national policy and law is currently the strongest and most effective source for the leading governments’ programs and activities governance. Despite pioneering space activities and significant space programs, the Soviet Union lacked clear legislative mechanisms in the field of space law. However, the Soviet Union collapse highlighted the need to found legal and organizational foundations for space activities in Russia. This article has been written with the aim of recognizing the phenomenon of national space legislation in the Russian Federation and specifically seeks to find an appropriate answer to the question “what are the main motives of the Russian Federation to develop national legal rules in the field of space? The initial response, based on the research literature isthat "the development of national space law in the Russian Federation enormously reflects Moscow's four main motives including protecting national space sovereignty, filling in the gaps in the international treaty system in the field of space, influencing international norms governing space, as well as strengthening the rules for using the left-over bases and space facilities in post-Soviet lands. "The findings of the article confirm the validity of the hypothesis. The present article belongs to the post-event classification and to test the hypothesis, inferential methodology based on logical reasoning has been used.
Although Turkey has no energy resources, it has long sought to become an energy hub in the region. However, as Europe terminated the South Stream pipeline contract in response to the ...
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Although Turkey has no energy resources, it has long sought to become an energy hub in the region. However, as Europe terminated the South Stream pipeline contract in response to the Ukrainian crisis, Russia's proposal to establish the Turkish Stream Pipeline will have a major impact on achieving this goal.There are many questions about the reasons and consequences of the establishment of the Turkish Stream Pipeline at the domestic, regional and international levels. The present paper seeks to find an appropriate answer to the following fundamental question from a regional perspective: How the new Russian-Turkish energy relations, in particular the Turkish Stream Pipeline, affect the geopolitics of energy in Central Eurasia? In response, the following hypothesis is tested: The new Russian-Turkish energy relations, and in particular the Turkish Stream Pipeline, through changing energy game in the Russian-European-Turkish triangle and reducing the security dimensions of the energy issue in Central Eurasia will help creating geopolitical energy balance in Central Eurasia and between Central Eurasia and Europe in favor of economic dimensions. The findings of the paper also confirm the hypothesis showing relative strengthening of the process of de-securitization of energy relations in Central Eurasia, among the Central Eurasian countries and with Europe as a result of the expansion of Russia-Turkey energy relations, what reinforces marginal actors and creates geopolitical energy balance in the region. This paper utilizes a descriptive-analytical methodology and library resources.
